Corneal and anterior chamber morphology in patients with noninfectious intraocular inflammation / Morfologia da córnea e da câmara anterior em pacientes com inflamação intraocular não infecciosa

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the corneal and anterior chamber morphology in phakic eyes with noninfectious intraocular inflammation. Methods: This study included 59 eyes with active uveitis, 62 with inactive uveitis, and 95 healthy eyes. Corneal endothelial cell density, hexagonal cell ratio, coefficient of variation (CV), corneal thickness and volume, maximum keratometry, and anterior chamber volume and depth (ACD) measurements were performed using a specular microscope and Pentacam HR. Results: The mean duration of uveitis was 24.6 ± 40.5 (0-180) months. The mean number of uveitis attacks was 2.8 ± 3.0 (1-20). Coefficient of variation was significantly higher in the active uveitis group compared with inactive uveitis group (p=0.017, Post Hoc Tukey). Anterior segment parameters other than coefficient of variation were not significantly different between active/inactive uveitis and control groups (p>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that coefficient of variation was greater in active uveitis compared with inactive uveitis after adjusting for the duration of uveitis, type of uveitis, having a rheumatologic disease, and having immunosuppressive treatment (p=0.003). The duration of uveitis and number of attacks were not significantly correlated with ocular parameters (p>0.05, Spearman's correlation). The difference in parameters was not significant based on uveitis type (p>0.05). Conclusions: Coefficient of variation was higher in eyes with active uveitis than that in eyes with inactive uveitis, whereas corneal endothelial cell density and anterior chamber morphology did not significantly differ between active/inactive uveitis and control groups.(AU)

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a morfologia da córnea e da câmara anterior em olhos fácicos com inflamação intraocular não infecciosa. Métodos: Esse estudo incluiu 59 olhos com uveíte ativa, 62 olhos com uveíte inativa e 95 olhos saudáveis. A densidade de células endoteliais da córnea, a proporção de células hexagonais, o coeficiente de variação, o volume e a espessura da córnea, a ceratometria máxima e o volume e profundidade da câmara anterior foram medidos com um microscópio especular e uma Pentacam HR. Resultados: A duração média da uveíte foi de 24,6 ± 40,5 (0-180) meses. O número médio de crises de uveíte foi de 2,8 ± 3,0 (1-20). O coeficiente de variação foi significativamente maior no grupo com uveíte ativa do que no grupo com uveíte inativa (p=0,017, Tukey post-hoc). Não houve diferença significativa nos demais parâmetros do segmento anterior entre os grupos com uveíte ativa, com uveíte inativa e controle (p>0,05). A análise de regressão linear múltipla demonstrou que o coeficiente de variação foi maior na uveíte ativa do que na uveíte inativa, após ajustes para a duração e tipo de uveíte e a presença ou não de doença reumática e de tratamento imunossupressor (p=0,003). A duração da uveíte e o número de crises não demonstraram correlação significativa com os parâmetros oculares (p>0,05, correlação de Spearman). A diferença nos parâmetros não demonstrou correlação significativa com o tipo de uveíte (p>0,05). Conclusões: O coeficiente de variação foi maior nos olhos com uveíte ativa do que naqueles com uveíte inativa, ao passo que a densidade de células endoteliais e a morfologia da câmara anterior não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos com uveíte ativa, com uveíte inativa e controle.(AU)

Evaluation of corneal layers and anterior sclera in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome / Avaliação das camadas da córnea e da esclera anterior na síndrome de Sjögren primária

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to compare the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal layers, and pre-ocular tear film between patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and healthy individuals. Methods: Fifty-one patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 41 healthy control participants were recruited in this cross-sectional and comparative study. The thickness of the pre-ocular tear film, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium were measured on the corneal apex. Anterior scleral thickness was measured at distances of 1 mm and 3 mm from the limbus. The anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure thicknesses of pre-ocular tear film, corneal layers, and anterior sclera. Results: Tear film thickness, Schirmer's test, and tear break up time values were significantly lower in the Sjögren's disease group than in the healthy controls (p<0.05). The thickness measurements of corneal layers and sclera were similar between the groups. Tear film thickness was moderately correlated with the Schirmer's test results (r=0.34, p=0.001), but there was no correlation between the Schirmer's test results and tear break up time (r=0.18, p=0.09). Conclusions: Pre-ocular tear film, as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, was thinner in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than in the healthy controls. The thicknesses of corneal layers and anterior sclera were similar between the groups.

RESUMO Propósito: Nosso objetivo foi comparar a espessura da esclera anterior, camadas da córnea e do filme lacrimal pré-ocular entre pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária e indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Cinquenta e um pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária e 41 controles saudáveis foram recrutados neste estudo comparativo e transversal. A espessura do filme lacrimal pré-ocular, epitélio corneal, camada de Bowman, estroma, membrana de Descemet e endotélio foram medidos no ápice corneal. A espessura da esclera anterior foi medida às distâncias de 1 mm e 3 mm do limbo. O módulo do segmento anterior da tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral foi utilizado para mensurar as espessuras do filme lacrimal pré-ocular, camadas da córnea e esclera anterior. Resultados: A espessura do filme lacrimal, o teste de Schirmer e os valores do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal foram significativamente menores no grupo com síndrome de Sjögren do que nos controles saudáveis (p<0,05). As medidas de espessura das camadas corneais e da esclera foram similares entre os grupos. A espessura do filme lacrimal foi moderadamente correlacionada com os resultados do teste de Schirmer (r=0,34, p=0,001), mas não houve correlação entre os resultados do teste de Schirmer e tempo de ruptura (r=0,18, p=0,09). Conclusões: O filme lacrimal pré-ocular, medido pela tomografia de coerência óptica de segmento anterior, foi mais fino em pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren primária do que nos controles saudáveis. As espessuras das camadas da córnea e da esclera anterior foram semelhantes entre os grupos.

Oxidative stress of crystalline lens in rat menopausal model / O estresse oxidativo do cristalino em modelo de rata na menopausa

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate lenticular oxidative stress in rat menopausal models. Methods: Forty Wistar female albino rats were included in this study. A total of thirty rats underwent oophorectomy to generate a menopausal model. Ten rats that did not undergo oophorectomy formed the control group (Group 1). From the rats that underwent oophorectomy, 10 formed the menopause control group (Group 2), 10 were administered a daily injection of methylprednisolone until the end of the study (Group 3), and the remaining 10 rats were administered intraperitoneal streptozocin to induce diabetes mellitus (Group 4). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) measurements of the crystalline lenses were analyzed. Results: The mean OSI was the lowest in group 1 and highest in group 4. Nevertheless, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant in terms of OSI (p >0.05). The mean TOS values were similar between the groups (p >0.05), whereas the mean TAC of group 1 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p <0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that menopause may not promote cataract formation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse oxidativo lenticular em modelos de ratas na menopausa. Métodos: Quarenta ratos albinos femininos tipo Wistar foram incluídos neste estudo. Trinta ratas foram submetidas à ooforectomia para gerar o modelo de menopausa e 10 ratas formaram o grupo controle (Grupo 1). Dentre as ratas ooforectomizadas, 10 formaram o grupo controle menopausa (Grupo 2), 10 ratas receberam injeção diária de metilprednisolona até ao final do estudo (Grupo 3) e 10 ratas receberam estreptozotocina por via intraperitoneal para induzir diabetes mellitus (Grupo 4). O estado oxidante total (TOS), a capacidade total antioxidante (TAC) e as medições do índice de estresse oxidativo (OSI) dos cristalinos foram analisados. Resultados: A média de OSI foi menor no grupo 1 e maior no grupo 4. Todavia, a diferença entre os grupos não foi estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). Os valores médios TOS foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p>0,05), enquanto a média de TAC grupo 1 foi mais elevada do que nos outros grupos ( p<0,001). Conclusões: Nossos resultados indicam que a menopausa podem não promover a formação de catarata.

Causes and characteristics of work-related eye injuries in western Turkey.

Objectives: To analyze descriptive data and characteristics of work‑related eye injuries (WREI) admitted into the emergency department (ED) and obtain information to utilize in planning measures to prevent WREI. Materials and Methods: This prospective study recruited patients with WREI admitted to the center in the two‑year study period. Only the casualties occurred at the workplace and while working constituted the sample. The data were collected via face‑to‑face contact in the ED. Results: Males comprised the majority of the sample (95.3%, n = 778) and mean age of the patients was 28.1 ± 6.5 (range: 15-54) with the biggest percentage in between 25 and 34 years of age (46.2%, n = 377). Most patients were working in the metal and machinery sectors (66.4%, n = 542). Nearly half of the patients had less than 1 year of experience (50.4%, n = 411). The most common mechanism of WREI was noted to be exposures to welding light (26.9%, n = 219), followed by drilling/cutting injuries (21.1%, n = 172). “Carelessness” and “hurrying up” were the most commonly reported causes of WREIs among ‘worker‑related causes’ (21.4% and 16.1%, respectively). Lack of protective measures ranked the highest among workplace‑related causes (18.7%, n = 207). Conclusions: Programs to increase awareness on workplace safety and sound preventive strategies for both parties‑employers and employees are to be pursued. Occupational safety efforts should include training on workplace eye safety and campaigns to raise knowledgeability on this disease among workers.